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Table 1 Summary of shape symbolic associations with food and beverage products

From: Assessing the shape symbolism of the taste, flavour, and texture of foods and beverages

Angular shapes

Organic shapes

Study

Cranberry jam

Blueberry jam

Gallace et al. [33]

Mint chocolate

Brie

Salt and vinegar crisps

Regular crisps

Dark chocolate

Milk chocolate

Ngo et al.[34]

Sparkling water

Still water

Spence and Gallace [17]

Maltesers

Rolos chocolates

Cranberry juice

Brie

Sparkling water

Still water

Ngo et al.[37]

Dark chocolate

Milk chocolate

Ngo and Spence [34]

Solid mint chocolate

Mint fondant

Tunworth cheese

Lancashire Cheddar

Spence et al. [38](unpublished work)

Keen’s Cheddar

Stawley goat’s cheese

Leipäjuusto cheese

Bitter tastes

Sweet tastes

Dichter [3]