|
Study
|
O’Mahony [35]
|
Heller [24]
|
Koch and Koch [28]
|
Tomasik-Krótki and Strojny [65]
|
Wan et al. [71]
|
|---|
|
Number of participants
|
51
|
≈2,000
|
45
|
519
|
452
|
|
Origin of participants
|
USA (CA)
|
Germany
|
USA (OR)
|
17 countries
|
4 countries
|
|
Type of participants
|
University students
|
Cross-section of the public
|
Students
|
High school and university students
|
Internet recruits
|
|
Black
|
(Bitter)
|
Bitter
|
(Bitter)
|
–
|
Bitter
|
|
Blue
| |
Salty
| |
Salty
| |
|
Green
|
(Bitter)
|
Sour
|
Sour
|
Sour (bitter)
|
Sour
|
|
Orange
| |
Sweet
|
Sweet
|
Sweet
| |
|
Pink
|
–
|
Sweet
|
–
|
–
|
Sweet
|
|
Red
|
Sweet
|
Sweet
|
Sweet
|
Sweet
| |
|
Violet
| |
Bitter
| |
Bitter/umami
|
–
|
|
White
|
Salty
|
Salty
|
Salty
|
–
|
Salty
|
|
Yellow
|
Sour
|
Sour
|
Sour
|
Sour
| |
|
Brown
| |
Bitter
| |
–
| |
|
Grey
| |
Salty
|
–
|
–
| |
- The participants in these studies were either given the names of one of the four or five basic tastes and had to pick a matching colour or else rate how well (or badly) the colour matched a given taste. The strongest crossmodal correspondences are shown, while weaker correspondences appear in brackets
- Note: Dashes denote the fact that this colour was not tested in this study. Note also that not all of the colour options are shown for every study
